Once the printed circuit board (PCB) is complete, electronic components must be assembled to form a functional printed circuitassembly, or PCA or PCBA (printed circuit board assembly).
In through-hole PCA, component leads are inserted in holes and thus the name Thru-Hole. In surface-mount PCA, components are placed on pads or lands on the outer surfaces of the PCB.
In both kinds of assembly (Thru-Hole and SMT), component leads are electrically and mechanically fixed to the board with solder. In case of Thru-Hole, solder wire or solder bar is used while in SMT, solder balls of solder paste is used.
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